![]() ![]() In Mindanao, this often means “red tagging” and suppressing legal activists.Įnvironmental and land defenders, including indigenous leaders, are now fighting a growing list of planned infrastructure and industrial projects under Duterte’s “Build, Build, Build” initiative, ranging from palm oil plantations to roads and hydropower projects backed by Chinese funding. But the military remains opposed to negotiations with communist rebels and retains a presidential mandate to “crush” the armed insurgency. His government signed a 2018 law giving more autonomy to Moro Muslims and, recently, has spoken of restarting peace talks with NPA rebels. In 2008, then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo ordered the military to guard mining sites against NPA rebels, dubbing them “investment defense forces.” In reality, their role extended to ending territorial disputes by silencing local farmers and indigenous landholders who refused to give up their land.ĭuterte promised to bring peace to Mindanao upon winning the presidency in 2016. The Philippine military has long had an extensive presence in Mindanao. This branding, a practice known locally as “red tagging,” is especially prevalent in Mindanao – and a formal end to martial law will not mean an end to the military crackdown on the Philippine government’s legal critics. Negros Island – along with the province of Samar and region of Bicol – have, since 2018, been subject to an executive order which calls for military and police forces to be deployed in coordinated operations to “suppress lawless violence and acts of terror.” It’s intended to target actual NPA rebels, but in practice, operations have been directed at legal activists – often government critics – who are branded as communists without evidence. Last month, however, the military filed a motion to reintroduce the dismissed charges against 31 of the released detainees – a move seen by local activist groups as an attempt to silence them. Charges were dropped against all but 11 of them, and the raids were condemned by global observers, including US Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. On 31 October, 57 land and labor activists were arrested in raids in Bacolod, the largest city on Negros. This allegation has been disputed by local and global rights groups, and the International Labor Organization’s efforts to investigate the killings have been blocked by the Duterte administration. The armed forces claimed the targets of the raids were members of the New People’s Army, an armed communist unit. In the central island of Negros, the Philippine military was involved in operations in December 2018 and March 2019 that killed 20 farmers and local officials. In several regions of the Philippines, this authority has been used to implement what local activists call a “mini-martial law.” The proclamation allows military and police personnel to impose checkpoints and curfews and gives armed forces wide latitude to collaborate in security operations. Mindanao remains under a nationwide “state of emergency” issued in September 2016, days after a deadly bombing in Davao left 14 dead. While the lifting of martial law may give confidence to investors, events throughout the country – and in Mindanao’s recent history – strongly suggest that the military’s campaign in Mindanao will continue to ensnare legal activists who vocally criticise government initiatives. The Philippine military says it will continue operations targeting both Islamic State–linked terrorist groups and domestic communist rebel units. ![]() Critics hold state forces responsible for a wide swath of human rights violations under the rule of President Rodrigo Duterte – both before and during martial law. ![]() In December, a Mindanao lawmaker said the Armed Forces of the Philippines and Philippine National Police would maintain or increase their presence on the island. Activists believe that as long as armed forces maintain a significant presence in Mindanao, they will continue to protect investments – not only from NPA rebels, but from farmers and indigenous communities who call the land home.īut many remain sceptical that the formal lifting of martial law will change much on the island, which remains torn by localised conflict between rebel groups and the Philippine military. ![]()
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